The big catch: nicotine may lower scale weight but harm body composition Even when smokers weigh less, that doesnt mean theyre healthier lean. Research suggests smokers may have higher visceral fat and a higher waist-to-hip ratiofat distribution thats more strongly linked to cardiometabolic risk
Wang S, Zhao Z, Feng X, Cheng Z, Xiong Z, Wang T
20 In a retrospective chart review of 48 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including 24 daily e-cigarette users and 24 matched traditional cigarette smokers, e-cigarette users showed decreased COPD exacerbations, improved patient-reported COPD health status, and a reversal in expiratory volume decline over 24 months of follow-up
Smoking exacerbates steatosis and fibrosis progression in NAFLD patients and contributes to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in this population (27, 28)